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About 76 of the main sequence stars in the Solar neighborhood are class M stars.

Alpha Centauri is a triple star system that contains Proxima Centauri, the nearest star to the Sun.

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Ηowever, after 26,700 years, when it will come as close as 3.11 light years, it will begin to move farther away.

European scientists have discovered a potentially habitable planet orbiting Proxima Centauri, the closest star to our solar system.

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From Proxima Centauri, the Sun would appear as a bright 0.4 magnitude star in the constellation Cassiopeia.

This places it at half of the distance to Proxima Centauri, the nearest star to the Sun.

Proxima Centauri (Latin , meaning next to or nearest to ) is a red dwarf about 4.24 light years from the Sun, inside the G cloud, in the constellation of Centaurus.

Possible companions If a massive planet is orbiting Proxima Centauri, some displacement of the star would occur over the course of each orbit.

The nearest star to the Earth, apart from the Sun, is Proxima Centauri, which is 39.9 trillion kilometres, or 4.2 light years away.

If non nuclear propulsion were used, a voyage of a spacecraft to a planet orbiting Proxima Centauri would probably require thousands of years.

The fact that multiple measurements of the star's radial velocity have detected no such shifts has lowered the maximum mass that a possible companion to Proxima Centauri could possess.

For example, Voyager 1, which is now travelling 17.043 km s (38,120 mph) relative to the Sun, would reach Proxima in 73,775 years, were the spacecraft traveling in the direction of that star.

The tide locked rotation may result in a relatively weak planetary magnetic moment, leading to strong atmospheric erosion by coronal mass ejections from Proxima Centauri.

Observation In 1915, Scottish astronomer Robert Innes, Director of the Union Observatory in Johannesburg, South Africa, discovered a star that had the same proper motion as Alpha Centauri.

Because of Proxima Centauri's southern declination, it can only be viewed south of latitude 27 N. Red dwarfs such as Proxima Centauri are far too faint to be seen with the naked eye.

If the orbital plane of the planet is not perpendicular to the line of sight from the Earth, then this displacement would cause periodic changes in the radial velocity of Proxima Centauri.

Such a planet would lie within the habitable zone of Proxima Centauri, about 0.023 0.054 AU from the star, and would have an orbital period of 3.6 14 days.

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A slow moving probe would have only several tens of thousands of years to catch Proxima Centauri near its closest approach, and could end up watching it recede into the distance.

In 1998, an examination of Proxima Centauri using the Faint Object Spectrograph on board the Hubble Space Telescope appeared to show evidence of a companion orbiting at a distance of about 0.5 AU.

A planet orbiting within this zone will experience tidal locking to the star, so that Proxima Centauri moves little in the planet's sky, and most of the surface experiences either day or night perpetually.

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In the Alpha Centauri system Proxima Centauri may have influenced the planetary disk as the Alpha Centauri system was forming, enriching the area around Alpha Centauri A and B with volatile materials.

Orbital period Orbital periods can be less than an hour (for AM CVn stars), or a few days (components of Beta Lyrae), but also hundreds of thousands of years (Proxima Centauri around Alpha Centauri AB).

Proxima Centauri, along with Alpha Centauri A and B, was among the Tier 1 target stars for NASA's now canceled Space Interferometry Mission (SIM), which would theoretically have been able to detect planets as small as three Earth masses () within two AU of a Tier 1 target star.

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